Studiolighting

• x2 Flash heads
• x2 Reflective hoods
• x2 Power leads
• x1 Reflective umbrellas 
• x2 Protective caps 
• x2 Light stands

Snoot- Highlights hair. Sends direct light source.

Reflective Hood - Bounces and makes light travel further.

Soft Box - Defuses light/shadow/soft. 

Umbrellas - White - Same as soft box.

                 - Sliver - Reflected 

Barn Doors - Change the way light is hitting.

Reflectors - Help bounce extra light into photo 

                 - Gold - Warm lighting

Trigger and Receiver - Light flashes when the camera is pressed.

                                                 Light Meter - Measures the amount of light and tells you what                                                 F number to put your camera on. 

Health and Safety 

Film Processing

fEquipment List - 

Tank Body

Centre Column 

Light-tight Funnel lid

Agitator Stick 

Plastic cap

Change Bag 

Scissors 

Spiral

Film retriever or bottle opener 

The Process 

Step 1: Place the following equipment into the change bag, make sure everything you need is in the second layer of the changing bag, zip up both zips. 

Step 2:  Use the scissors to cut the end of the film. You are only working with what you can touch. 

Do not cut to much off, or you will be cutting off your exposed film. 

Step 3: Hold your film in one hand and your spiral in the other- search and feel around for the two notches, one on either side.  Place your film underneath the two notches, pull it round gently and then use two hands to turn one side down and the in the other hand pull the other side up. 

Pull it round until you run out of film. It make sure you have defiantly run out of film gently pull the cassette and if it doesn't allow you to pull anymore out- cut the end off and then continue to turn the spiral until there's nothing left. 

Step 4: Slide the spiral into the centre column. Making sure the flat, wider part is on the bottom.  The spiral on the column must be fully down. If you only have one film, you have to put an empty spiral on top. 

Step 5: Once the centre column and spirals are in the tank body- secure the funnel lid by twisting and locking it into place. Secure the plastic cap and remove everything from the bag. You add the chemicals next. 

Do not remove lid or change anything in light, as you will expose your film and destiny your photos.   

Selection Tools in Photoshop

Marguee tool - Let's us drag basic rectangular and ellipse shapes.

Hold down the shift key to keep the height and width the same.

Deselect - Gets rid of any selected areas - Select>Deselect= control+D

Lasso/Polygonal Lasso/Magnetic Lasso tools 

Lasso - Click and hold to outline a selection, joins the two ends of the line when you let go.

Polygonal Lasso - Click point-to-point to outline a selection with straight edges - Double click to join the two ends. 

Magnetic Lasso - Looks for similar colours, or a line to automatically create a line that you move your mouse across. You can force a point in, by left clicking anywhere you wish.

Invert selection - Switches the selected area(s) to deselected and deselected areas. Select>Inverse = Shift+Control+i

Anti-alias/Feather - The anti-alias checkbox lets you smooth out the edges of a selection to avoid pixelated edge.

Feather - The amount of blurring you can add to the edge of a selection (measured in pixels)minsters of a head edge. This can be used to make selections 'fade out'

Magic Wand - Click to select an area that is all the same colour. You can adjust the tolerance to make it either select just one exact colour (0) or pick a wider range of colours 

Clipping Mask in Illustrator

Shape tool - Press and hold the icon (4th icon down in the toolbar) for different shapes. You can either drag the shape to create it, or click once to open a dialog box allowing you to choose the size and number of sides if you are creating a polygon (if you are creating a shape with 3 or more sides)

Pen tool - (1st one on toolbar) Click and point to make a path

Type tool - (2nd one down on toolbar) Click to insert text or drag a text box to fit into. You can set the font and size.

Click File>Place and choose your image

Using the Selection tool. Select your image, the press Object>Arrange>Send to back or use the layer s palette to arrange your shape and image.

Your shape needs to be in front of your image to properly apply the clipping mask.

To apply the clipping mask, select both (the image and shape) Then click Object>Clipping Mask>Make

In the workshop we had to use clipping mask in, we had to make our own design using the scans that we had already scanned into the computer. 

Composition, Rule of Third, Viewpoint, Perspective

Composition - The arrangement or layout of something.

Rule of Thirds - breaking your image down, into smaller sections.

Viewpoint - The angle of the photograph. Every photo has a viewpoint as it is the angle you point the camera.

Perspective - The art of repressing three-dimensional objects on a 2D surface, gives you the right impression of the height or distance 

ISO - How many pixels in an image 

Colour and Composition

Colour and the layout or any successful piece of art. The colour and composition are a must have in keeping the audience engaged with the work. The use of colour can establish the mood of the work, depending on if the colours were contrasting, complimenting or harmonious. 

Composition is where things within the art are placed and how they work together. 

Formal Elements 

Line - A single long mark. This can be made by anything, not just a pencil. 

Shape - The outline or form of something 

Tone - Light and dark. This can be shown by shading and will make object's look realistic and solid. 

Form - The solid 3D shape of an object 

Pattern - When shapes, colours or line are repeated and gathered together 

Texture - How the surface of something feels/looks

Colour - There are 3 primary colours: red, blue, yellow. By mixing 2 together you get the secondary colours. Blue + red = purple. Blue + yellow = green. Red + yellow = orange. 

The Principles of Design 

Pattern - A regular arrangement of alternated or repeated element (shapes, lines, colours) or motifs.

Contrast - The juxtaposition of different elements of design (e.g positive and negative) in order to highlight their differences and/or to creat visual interest, or focal point.

Emphasis - Special attention/importance given to one part of work. Emphasis can be achieved through placement, contrast, colour, size, repetition. Relates to a focal point.

Balance - A feeling of balance results when the elements of design are arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically to create the impression of equality in weight or importance.

Proportion/scales - The relationship between objects with respect to size, number, including the relation between parts of a whole.

Harmony - The arrangement of elements to give the viewer the feeling that all parts of the piece form a coherent whole. 

Rhythm/movement - The use of recurring elements to direct the movement of the eye through the artwork. There are 5 kinds if rhythm: random, regular, alternating, progressive, and flowing. Organised to lead the eye to the focal point

Photograms

Photograms 

A Photograms is a camera-less photography. Produced with photographic paper. For our Photograms we used 2/3D materials and objects. Depending on some materials we used, we knew light would pass through them, but we weren't sure on how much light would, until we developed and saw our test strip or image in the light. 

Step by step

Step 1: Set up enlarger, according to height needed. The light must cover the printing area. Set all filters to 0 (CMY, set the aperture to f8 and light timer to 3.0 seconds

Step 2: Cut a thin strip of photographic paper for a test strip. Place the test strip emulsion side up (shinny side). Place your chosen objects on top of the paper and expose for 3 seconds. Then get a bit of card to cover sections of your photographic paper (2-3cm at a time) and expose for 3 seconds

Step 3: Process test strip in chemical baths. Develop, stop bath, fix (1-2minutes) remove the test strip from the water, put into a tray and take your test strip outside into light. So you can choose your correct exposure time.

You'd be looking for the first good black. Count divisions starting from the lightest side. The first/lightest section represents 3 seconds. Must go up in 3 seconds for each division.

Step 4: Once you have picked out your most successful division on your test strip, put it back in the fix. Set your enlarger timer to the correct time. Making sure all lights are still off.

Step 5: Get your final bigger photographic paper and place your object on the paper. Expose for correct time and then develop in chemicals following the same method and time as before. 

Dry prints and test strip when finished. 

Once dry, don't not get wet again. 

Health and Safety

• Work area must stay uncluttered and tidy to prevent tripping over 
• Must keep everything dry, away from everything wet. It could ruin all your work
• Use least toxic chemicals available
• Darkroom should be kept well ventilated 
• Keep all chemicals separate, do not mix or use the some tongs 

Objects I used in my Photograms
Key, netting, plastic card, dead flower, spring, twisted wooden ball